Who’s Liable for School Sports Injuries?

Who’s Liable for School Sports Injuries?

May 15, 2025

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    Who’s Liable for School Sports Injuries?

    Who’s Liable for School Sports Injuries?

    May 15, 2025

    Enrolling your child in school sports often comes with the excitement of early morning practices, evening games, and the usual parental responsibilities. But what happens when your child gets injured on the field or court? Many parents don’t consider who might be legally responsible—until an accident happens.

    If school staff fail to maintain a safe environment for sports activities, and your child is hurt as a result, you may have legal grounds to pursue a claim.

    When a student suffers an injury during a school-sponsored sports event—whether at practice, a scrimmage, or an official game—multiple parties may bear responsibility. Teachers, coaches, and school administrators all owe a duty of care to students. If that duty is breached through careless or negligent behavior, and injury results, they could be held legally accountable.

    In many cases, the school district itself may be liable—especially if the injury stems from unsafe conditions on school grounds. Under California’s premises liability laws, schools are obligated to keep their facilities in reasonably safe condition. If an injury occurs because a hazard was ignored or maintenance was delayed, legal responsibility may fall on the district.

    Even when the negligent act is committed by an individual employee—a coach, trainer, or teacher—the school district can still be held liable under the legal doctrine of respondeat superior, which holds employers responsible for the actions of their staff when those actions occur within the scope of employment.

    But What About Waivers?

    It’s common for schools to require parents to sign waivers or consent forms before allowing student participation in sports. These forms typically attempt to release the school from liability for injuries that arise from the inherent risks of the sport—like a twisted ankle during soccer or a fall during gymnastics.

    However, these waivers do not protect schools from liability for every kind of harm. Courts generally do not enforce waivers that attempt to excuse negligence that goes beyond the known risks of a sport.

    What Injuries Are Not Considered “Inherent Risks”?

    Not every injury should be expected based on the nature of the sport. For example, a student participating in bowling does not face the same risk of head trauma as one playing football. When injuries arise due to preventable errors or carelessness, those are not risks that can be waived.
    Here are some common scenarios where negligence—not the sport itself—may be to blame:

    • Players are provided with faulty or unsafe equipment.
    • A student is bullied or assaulted during practice or competition.
    • No adult supervision is present during athletic activities.
    • A coach pushes an athlete to overtrain, resulting in physical harm.
    • The playing area contains dangerous conditions, such as broken turf or poorly maintained surfaces.
    • Protocols for managing student concussions are ignored.
    • Medical care is withheld or delayed after an injury occurs.

    While you may have signed a waiver releasing the school from liability for normal incidents—like an accidental collision in basketball—this does hold that while schools can limit liability for inherent risks, they cannot require parents to waive responsibility for negligence or reckless behavior. In other words, you cannot be forced to forfeit your child’s right to safety.

    What Types of Risks Cannot Be Waived?

    Not all injuries are considered a normal or expected part of sports participation. For example, while it might be foreseeable that a football player could suffer a bruise during play, it is not expected that a bowler would suffer a concussion. When injuries occur due to careless or dangerous conduct, rather than the nature of the sport itself, liability may still attach—even if a waiver was signed.

    Examples of negligence in school sports may include:

    • Use of defective or inappropriate safety equipment
    • Failure to provide adult supervision during practice or games
    • Bullying or hazing incidents that are ignored by staff
    • Coaches pushing athletes to overtrain, leading to injury
    • Unsafe conditions at the sports facility or park
    • Ignoring concussion protocols or medical clearance laws
    • Failing to seek timely medical care after an injury occurs

    In these situations, a waiver will not shield the school from liability. The courts recognize a school’s ongoing duty to protect students from avoidable harm—even if that harm arises during extracurricular activities.

    When Can a School Be Held Responsible?

    A school may be liable when it fails to adequately supervise students, maintain safe facilities, or train staff in proper safety protocols. The level of supervision required depends on both the activity’s inherent risk and the child’s age or experience. For instance, younger children and high-contact sports generally demand closer oversight.

    Understanding Respondeat Superior in California School Injury Cases

    In California, the doctrine of respondeat superior holds employers legally responsible for the negligent actions of their employees, as long as those actions occur within the scope of their employment. This means if a coach, athletic trainer, school nurse, or other school staff member acts negligently during a school-sanctioned sports activity, the school—and potentially the entire school district—can be held liable.

    This liability also extends to failures to act. For example, if a staff member fails to provide timely medical attention after a student-athlete is injured, and that delay causes further harm, the school district may still be liable under this legal principle.

    How Do You Prove Negligence in a School Sports Injury Case?

    To prevail in a personal injury claim in California, Avian Law Group helps clients prove the following elements of negligence:

    • Duty of Care – The school or its employees had a legal obligation to protect your child from unreasonable harm.
    • Breach of Duty – They failed to meet that obligation, whether by action or omission.
    • Causation – That breach was a substantial factor in causing the injury.

    When these elements are established, families may be entitled to compensation.

    What Damages Can Be Recovered?

    Injuries caused by school negligence may entitle families to compensation beyond just medical expenses. Damages can include:

    • Future and ongoing medical care
    • Lost income (e.g., a parent missing work to care for the child)
    • Emotional distress and pain and suffering
    • Permanent disability, scarring, or disfigurement

    Each case is unique, and Avian Law Group will evaluate all potential damages to ensure full and fair compensation.

    Which School Sports Have the Highest Risk of Injury?

    • Football
    • Cheerleading
    • Basketball
    • Wrestling
    • Lacrosse

    These sports involve high-impact movements, frequent collisions, and intense physical strain. Because student-athletes are still growing, injuries such as fractures, ligament tears, and concussions can have long-term consequences on physical development.

    How to File a Lawsuit for a School Sports Injury

    Filing a claim against a public school or district involves several key steps:

    1. Identify Liability – Determine if the injury was caused by negligence and who the responsible parties are (e.g., coach, school, other students, or even equipment manufacturers).
    2. Understand Assumed Risk – Assess whether the injury resulted from an expected risk of the sport or from avoidable negligence.
    3. Comply with Government Claims Rules – Claims against school districts typically require filing a Government Claim Form within a strict time limit—often within six months of the incident.

    Depending on the circumstances, more than one party may share liability. Avian Law Group will investigate your case thoroughly to determine who should be named in the claim.

    Contact Avian Law Group Today

    If your child was injured during a school sports activity, don’t assume you’re out of options. The injury may have been preventable, and you deserve answers.

    Avian Law Group has extensive experience holding school districts accountable for negligence. We offer free consultations to evaluate your case and help you understand your rights.

    Let us help you fight for justice and protect your child’s future. Call Avian Law Group today.

    Posted by

    Laura Delgado

    Laura Delgado is an accomplished digital marketing specialist at Avian Law Group. She brings with her a wealth of experience and a strong background in criminal justice and psychology, which has proven to be invaluable in her role at the firm. Laura’s exceptional leadership qualities and her ability to excel under pressure enable her to adapt to any situation and contribute significantly to the team.